Even though you signed away your rights to the property, unless you get a release from the mortgage holder you remain equally responsible. The divorce decree can- and should always state that your ex-spouse must make the payments and, if they fail to so do, you may have a court action against them for failing to obey the court order. If they violated a court order the judge will take action against them but the court needs to be told. Additionally you may be able to file suit for damages but you need an attorney to advise you here.
Another thing in your notes is that you filed bankruptcy. If you named the mortgage holder in the bankruptcy then they are out. If not then you are still obligated. A bankruptcy can be overcome in 2 yrs with no negative credit in between, no slow/late pays, not outstanding unpaid collections or other/current debt in arrears. FHA is a good program for such. I used FHA after my 1986 bankruptcy to buy a home in 1989. I had to write an explaination to the lender and showed proof which allowed them to do the deal. Lenders want to loan money, but have to have reasonable certainty that you'll repay it as agreed. You may get a great rate, or higher rate if other than grade "A" credit due to the risk of default. If the risk is deemed too great for default then you're declined for a loan. Race, handicap, gender, national orgin, religion, familial status- these things have no bearing on the loan qualification process or the lender violated federal law.
Back to the divorce. Courts typically will not remove you from a lender's security agreement that you willingly signed. You are legally responsible until it is repaid in full or refinanced which is the same as paid in full. It will remain on your credit record for a number of years (I think 10), and up to a point you may also be sued for the deficiency if any but usually lenders will not do that.
Alternately you could have, upon proper notice of default taken over the payments, had the ex-spouse removed from the deed and then sold the house yourself- maybe for a profit. You may also show a copy of the divorce decree to the new lender (assuming you are applying for a loan) that shows the ex-spouse's obligation to pay the note under court order. Again a violation of the court order does not absolve you of responsibility but the court order can make life easier for you.
Alternately, as a signatory to the note, if you were not properly notified of the default status of the note and you were not given proper notice of the pending foreclosure, you may have recourse against the foreclosing lender and therefore a claim against the property. Most smart sellers will include a title insurance policy as part of the sale to the new buyer that will pay off in the event of an unknow issue that comes to light on a real property after closing. I personally never buy real property w/o an owner's title policy, especially with divorce running as high as it is.
You may have such a claim. Again it is worth discussing with an attorney whose practice involves real estate. Your state or the state the home was located in may not recognise legal specialties, but attorneys sometimes choose a particular field to practice anyway and focus on that. You need such an attorney> A good one, like a good real estate broker will be more than worth their fee.